Princess Elizabeth De BRUCE

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• FamilySearch ID: GMN5-PBV
• _UID: BFDBE0687F9046FC8D6F7AC01254FFB4820C

Family/Spouse: Sir Robert Walter Of Aberdalgy OLIPHANT. Robert (son of Sir William Of Aberdalgy OLIPHANT) was born about 1313 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland; died about 1378. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. John Of Aberdalgy OLIPHANT died before 1417.
2. Sir Walter OLIPHANT was born in 1324 in Aberdalgie, Gask, Perthshire, Scotland; died after 1378.

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• Affiliation: ; House of Bruce
• FamilySearch ID: LDQR-3KB
• Name: Robert
• Name: Robert DE BRUSEE
• _UID: A97732FB4B174FBFB1F7FAB0B3C55C90734A
• Occupation: Between 1298 and 1300; Guardian of the Kingdom of Scotland (Regent)
• TitleOfNobility: 1302; After submitting to Edward I in 1302 and returning to "the king's peace", Robert inherited his family's claim to the Scottish throne upon his father's death.
• FORFITED HIS ENGLISH ESTATES AND TITLES: 20 Feb 1306; On 20 February 1306, Robert Bruce forfeited his English estates by order of Edward I King of England.
• CORONATION - CROWNED TWICE: 25 Mar 1306, Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland; After declaring himself King of Scots, with the support of the majority of Scotland's nobility, Robert I was crowned at Scone by Bishop William de Lamberton on 25 March 1306. However, the Earls of Fife claimed the right to crown the king and had arrived t
• MilitaryService: 19 Jun 1306, Methven, Perthshire, Scotland; After defeat at the Battle of Methven on 19 June 1306, Robert Bruce headed west to the mountains,

Notes:

On 25 March 1306, Robert the Bruce was chosen to be King of Scots and to lead the fight for Scottish independence against Edward I of England. Born in 1274 in Ayr, the son of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, he was the grandson of the Robert Bruce who had been one of the competitors for the throne after the death of the Maid of Norway. Robert I had been on the English side when Edward moved against Balliol, but he had subsequently joined Wallace's revolt. When Wallace gave up the Guardianship of Scotland in 1298, Robert became joint Guardian with Sir John Comyn of Badenoch (Balliol's nephew). A few weeks before his coronation, Robert killed his greatest rival for the crown - his joint Guardian - in a Dumfries church, during the last of many arguments between them. For this murder, Robert was outlawed by Edward I and excommunicated by Pope Clement V. His reign did not begin well. He was defeated by the English at Methven in Perthshire; his wife, daughter and sisters were imprisoned; and three of his brothers were executed by the English. Robert fled westward to the Antrim coast. (The story of Robert drawing inspiration from a persistent spider mending its web in a cave dates from the sixteenth century.) However, he possessed real military genius and he was helped by the fact that in 1307 Edward I, the self-styled 'Hammer of the Scots', died and was succeeded by his less effective son Edward II. From 1307 onwards, with energy and determination, Robert waged highly successful guerrilla warfare against the English occupiers, establishing control north of the Forth, and gradually won back his kingdom; by 1314, Stirling was the only castle in English hands. His campaign culminated in resounding victory over Edward II (whose larger army of 20,000 outnumbered Robert's forces by three to one) at the Battle of Bannockburn, near Stirling on 24 June 1314. Bannockburn confirmed the re-establishment of an independent Scottish monarchy. Two years later, his brother and heir presumptive, Edward Bruce, was inaugurated as High King of Ireland (which increased pressure on the English), but was killed in battle in 1318. Even after Bannockburn, and the Scottish capture of Berwick in 1318, Edward II refused to give up his claim to the overlordship of Scotland, and so in 1320 the Scottish Earls, Barons and the 'community of the realm' sent a letter to Pope John XXII declaring that Robert I was their rightful monarch. This 'Declaration of Arbroath' has become perhaps the most famous document in Scottish history. The Declaration asserted the antiquity of the Scottish people and their monarchy: '...we gather from the deeds and books of the ancients, that among other distinguished nations our own nation, namely of Scots, has been marked by many distinctions. It journeyed from Greater Scythia by the Tyrrenhian Sea and the Pillars of Hercules, and dwelt for a long span of time in Spain among the most savage peoples, but nowhere could it be subjugated by any people, however barbarous. From there it came, twelve hundred years after the people of Israel crossed the Red Sea and, having first driven out the Britons and altogether destroyed the Picts, it acquired, with many victories and untold efforts, the places which it now holds ... As the histories of old time bear witness, it has held them free of all servitude ever since. In their kingdom one hundred and thirteen kings of their own royal stock have reigned, the line unbroken by a single foreigner.' The Declaration also had a stark warning for Robert: 'were he to desist from what he has undertaken and be willing to subject us or our kingdom to the king of the English or the English, we would strive to expel him forthwith as our enemy and as a subverter of right, his own and ours, and make someone else our king who is equal to the task of defending us.' In 1324, the Pope recognised Robert as king of an independent Scotland. Two years later, the Franco-Scottish alliance was renewed in the Treaty of Corbeil, by which the Scots were obliged to make war on England should hostilities break out between England and France. In 1327, the English deposed Edward II in favour of his son Edward III and peace was then made between Scotland and England with the treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, which began with England's total renunciation of all claims to superiority over Scotland. Robert had achieved all he had fought for: ejecting the English, re-establishing peace and gaining recognition as the true king. By that time, King Robert was seriously ill, probably with leprosy, and he died at Cardross, Dunbartonshire on 7 June 1329, aged 54. A few days later, in response to an earlier request by him, the Pope granted permission for kings of Scots to be anointed at their coronation (Scottish kings had previously been enthroned in a mainly secular ceremony at Scone). This was a clear acknowledgement that the Pope recognised Scotland's independence.

Robert married Elisabeth De BURGH. Elisabeth was born in 1284; died on 26 Oct 1327. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: LXS8-GFV
• _UID: 096EE2D9D3B44E40AE7C0217F2E0B9879C03

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• FamilySearch ID: L8MB-67G
• Name: Robert
• Name: Robert DE BRUS
• Occupation: ; Governor of Carlisle Castle, Sheriff of Cumberland
• _UID: 9EDCAA8D9D42401387E1F057F2D28AE3C37D
• MADE KEEPER OF CARLISLE: 6 Oct 1295; On 6 October 1295, Bruce swore fealty to King Edward of England and was made Constable and Keeper of Carlisle Castle, a position his father previously held.
• DEFFENDS CARLISLE CASTLE, BEGINNING OF THE WARS FOR SCOTTISH INDEPENDENCE: 26 Mar 1296, Carlisle, Cumberland, England; In March 1296 John Comyn, the new Lord of Annandale, crossed the border and attacked Castle Carlisle. Bruce, as Constable and Keeper of Carlisle Castle, repelled them, forcing the raiders to retreat back through Annandale. Therefore, the First War of Scot

Notes:

Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, Earl of Carrick, Lord of Hartness, Writtle and Hatfield Broad Oak, was born in July 1243, the son and heir of Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale and Lady Isabella de Clare, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester and Hertford. The Bruce family held estates in both Scotland and England, and it is believed Robert was born at the family estate at Writtle, Essex, England.

Robert and his younger brother Richard are believed to have 'taken the cross', that is pledged themselves to be defenders of God on Holy Crusade, along with Lord Edward Longshanks (later King Edward I of England) in 1268. They received letters of protection, in July 1270, to sail with Edward for crusade that August. By October 1271, however, Robert had returned to Scotland.

Legend tells that while on Ninth Crusade, one of Robert's companions-in-arms, Adam de Kilconquhar, fell ill and died in 1270/1271, at Acre. Robert was obliged to travel to tell the sad news to Adam's widow Marjorie, Countess of Carrick. The story continues that Marjorie was so taken with the handsome 27 year old messenger that she had him held captive until he agreed to marry her, which he did at Turnberry Castle in late 1271.
Marjorie and Robert married without Scottish Royal consent, resulting in the temporary loss of Marjorie's Earldom. The lands and title were restored by King Alexander III after the couple paid a large fine.

Robert and Marjorie had 11 children:
- Isabel Bruce (1272? 1358), married King Eric II of Norway.
- Christina Bruce, married, Sir Christopher Seton, then Sir Andrew Murray.
- Robert the Bruce
- Mary Bruce, married Niall Campbell, then Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie.
- Niall or Nigel Bruce, executed 1306 in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England.
- Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland.
- Sir Thomas Bruce, executed 1307.
- Alexander Bruce, executed 1307.
- Matilda Bruce, married Hugh, Earl of Ross
- Elizabeth Bruce, married William Dishington
- Margaret Bruce, married Sir William Carlyle. *Margaret's ancestry is sometimes disputed.

Robert was present at the coronation of King Edward I of England (who he had crusaded with in 1270) and would later swear fealty to him as overlord of Scotland. In 1283 he participated in the trial of Dafydd ap Gruffydd.

Robert supported his father's claim to the throne of Scotland, following the death of Queen Margaret I in 1290. The initial civil proceedings, known as The Great Cause, awarded the Crown to his father's 1st cousin once removed, and rival, John Balliol. Robert's father, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, resigned his Lordship of Annandale, and claim to the throne of Scotland to Robert, allegedly to avoid having to swear fealty to Balliol.

Robert's wife of 21 years, Marjorie, Countess of Carrick, died in 1292 and Robert passed the Earldom of Carrick, to their oldest son Robert.
In 1293 Robert accompanied his oldest daughter Isabel to Norway where he arranged her marriage to King Eric II of Norway, the son in law of the late King Alexander III of Scotland and father of the short-lived Maid of Norway, Queen Margaret I of Scotland.

After the death of his father in 1295 Robert was made Constable and Keeper of Carlisle Castle, a position his father had previously held.

On 19 September 1295 Robert re-married, taking to wife Matilda (FitzAlan) of Clun, widow of Philip Burnell. The marriage did not go well, or perhaps she did not like his politics, for they divorced or annulled the marriage within a year. Many sources do not even record the marriage because it was so short and produced no children. A license however confirms it.

Robert refused a summons to the Scottish host and King John Balliol seized Annandale, and awarded it to John 'The Red' Comyn, Lord of Badenoch. There is evidence that Bruce lived at the Bruce estate in Writtle, Essex, England, during this time.

1296 was eventful for Robert: In January of 1296 Robert was summoned to attend King Edward at Salisbury and in March of the same year John Comyn, the new Lord of Annandale, crossed the border and attacked Castle Carlile. Bruce, as Constable and Keeper of Carlisle Castle, and fighting for King Edward, repelled them. Therefore, the Wars of Scottish Independence began in a clash between the Bruces and Comyns.

In April 1296 he fought for Edward, at the Battle of Dunbar Castle.
King Edward I denied his claim to the throne of Scotland and Robert retired to his estates in Essex. Scotland would be without a king until the accession of Robert's son in 1306.
Robert was denied the throne, but Annandale was restored to him.
And about October 1296 Robert married for a 3rd time, taking to wife Eleanor. They remained married to his death but had no children.

In 1304 Robert de Brus died shortly before Easter, while en route to Annandale.

He was buried at Holm Cultram Abbey in Cumberland.


Birth: July 12 1243;
Annandale District, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Death; June 7 1307;
Scotland, United Kingdom.

Robert married Countess Marjory (Margaret) CARRICK in 1271 in Turnberry, Ayrshire, Scotland. Marjory (daughter of Neil Of Carrick GALLOWAY and Margaret (Fitzalan) STEWART) was born on 11 Apr 1252 in Turnberry Castle, Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland; died on 27 Oct 1292 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: L8MB-67P
• Name: Margaret MACNIALL
• _UID: E5D77BA9424E4007A562E9B414335108FBCC
• Residence: Between 1253 and 1292; Turnberry Castle, ancestral seat of the Earls of Carrick
• Succeeded as 3rd Countess of Carrick, suo jure, her father having no male heirs: 1256, Turnberry, Ayrshire, Scotland; Upon the death of her father, Marjorie succeeded to become Countess of Carrick; Her cousin Roland became Chief of their clan.

Notes:

Marjorie Mac Niall, Countess of Carrick was the oldest daughter and heiress of Niall Mac Dhonnchad, 2nd Earl of Carrick and his wife Margaret Stewart. She was born about 1252 at Turnberry Castle, in Carrick, Scotland. Marjorie had 3 younger sisters, unfortunately, if recorded, their names have been lost to time. Having no sons, Marjorie's father turned leadership of the clan over to his nephew Roland de Carrick on 12 September 1255. Marjorie's father died in 1256 and Marjorie succeeded him as 3rd Countess of Carrick, suo jure, meaning 'in her own right'. Because Marjorie did not gain the title through marriage but held it by right of inheritance herself, any husband would hold the title of Earl only thru his marriage to her.

Marjorie married Adam of Kilconquhar before 1269 (some records state before October 1266) making Adam jure uxoris Earl of Carrick. Marjorie and Adam had one child, a daughter named Martha born about 1269/1270. Martha was their only child as Adam Kilconquhar died in 1270/1271 at Acre, Palestine, while on crusade.

Marjorie and Adam had one child, a daughter:
Isabel of Kilconquhar, married Sir Thomas Randolph of Strathdon, Chamberlain of Scotland and Sheriff of Roxburg; mother of Thomas Randolph, First Earl of Moray.

A companion of Adam of Kilconquhar, named Robert de Bruce, arrived at Turnberry Castle to inform Marjorie of her husbands death. Legend has it that the young Widow was so taken with him that she had him held captive until he agreed to marry her. Other versions say she encountered him while he was hunting on her lands. They married at Turnberry Castle in 1271. Unfortunately, they did not gain permission to marry from King Alexander III as was required. Learning of their marriage, the king seized her castle and all of her estates. They were only restored to her after paying a large fine in atonement.

Robert de Bruce, already Lord of Annandale, then was confirmed as Jure uxoris Earl of Carrick.
Marjorie and Robert had 11 children together (11 that survived to adulthood):

- Isabel Bruce (1272? 1358), married King Eric II of Norway.
- Christina Bruce, married, Sir Christopher Seton, then Sir Andrew Murray.
- Robert the Bruce, King of Scots
- Mary Bruce, married Niall Campbell, then Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie.
- Margaret Bruce, married William Carlyle
- Niall or Nigel Bruce, executed 1306 in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England.
- Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland
- Thomas Bruce, executed 1307.
- Alexander Bruce, executed 1307.
- Matilda Bruce, married Hugh, Earl of Ross
- Elizabeth Bruce, married William Dishington

Marjorie mac Niall de Brus, Countess of Carrick died before November 1292. At that time her husband Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, and jure uxoris Earl of Carrick, transferred Carrick to their oldest son, Robert.

Marjorie's children lived in a time of much turmoil in Scotland and were embroiled right in the middle of it.

Marjorie's oldest son, famously, lived to become King Robert I of Scotland.

Her daughter Isabel Bruce, married Eric II of Norway and became Queen of Norway.

Her son Edward became High King of Ireland for a time.

Sadly her other sons were executed during the Scottish Wars for Independence.

All of her daughters married well and most had children.

Marjorie's husband of 21 years survived her and married several more times but had no more children. He died in 1304.

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• FamilySearch ID: LZ6R-LLG
• _UID: 383B46A467734B48AC05AE52A18A1138EF05

Robert married Isabel CLARE. Isabel was born on 8 Nov 1226 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England; died after 1284. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: 594FC0B069974D808B67DE24495CC2ABEB04

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• FamilySearch ID: LYS4-978
• _UID: B029DDC66EAA40D38B96F6BCF87D5D97E376

Neil married Margaret (Fitzalan) STEWART. Margaret and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJTN-3N6
• _UID: C4EB5E581DD445B1989B02F05BF2C4F97B80