John STEWART, 1st Earl of Atholl

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• FamilySearch ID: LZJ2-RSB

Family/Spouse: Margaret DOUGLAS. Margaret was born in 1430 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland; was christened in 1430 in Douglas, Lanarkshire, Scotland; died in 1474 in Falahill, Eddleston, Peebles-shire, Scotland; was buried in 1474. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Elizabeth STEWART was born about 1465 in Darnley, Renfrewshire, Scotland; died on 9 Dec 1529 in Castle Campbell, Luss, Dunbartonshire, Scotland, United Kingdom; was buried on 9 Dec 1529 in Perth, Perth and Kinross, Scotland.

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• FamilySearch ID: LDQL-NRN

James married Joan BEAUFORT, Queen Consort of Scotland. Joan (daughter of John DE BEAUFORT, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret HOLLAND, Duchess of Clarence) was born on 27 Dec 1407 in Palace of Westminster, Westminster, Middlesex, England; died on 15 Jul 1445 in Dunbar Castle, Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, Scotland; was buried on 22 Nov 1445 in Carthusian Monastery, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: M72D-PDF
• Name: Joan BEAUFORT
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1424 and 1437, Scotland; Queen of Scotland
• Assassination attempt: 21 Feb 1437, Perth, Scotland; survived assassination attempt that killed James I
• Residence: 3 Aug 1439, Stirling, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Imprisoned in Stirling Castle

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• FamilySearch ID: 9HTZ-YQ8
• MilitaryService: ; Captain of Calais
• Royal House: ; Plantagenet
• MilitaryService: 1397; Lord High Admiral of England
• Occupation: 1397, Dover, Kent, England; Constable of Dover Castle
• Title (Nobility): 10 Feb 1397; 1st Earl of Somerset

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The Life Summary of John
When John Beaufort 1st Earl of Somerset was born on 29 January 1371, in Kettlethorpe, Lincolnshire, England, his father, John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster, was 30 and his mother, Katherine de Roet Duchess of Lancaster, was 20. He had at least 3 sons and 2 daughters with Margaret Holland Duchess of Clarence. He registered for military service in 1397. In 1404, at the age of 33, his occupation is listed as lord high constable of England. He died on 16 March 1410, in London, England, at the age of 39, and was buried in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England.

John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset and 1st Marquess of Dorset, later only 1st Earl of Somerset, KG (c. 1373-16 March 1410) was an English nobleman and politician. He was the first of the four children of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and his mistress Katherine Swynford, whom he married in 1396. Beaufort's surname probably reflects his father's lordship of Beaufort in Champagne, France.

The Beaufort children were declared legitimate twice by parliament during the reign of King Richard II of England, in 1390 and 1397, as well as by Pope Boniface IX in September 1396. Even though they were the grandchildren of Edward III and next in the line of succession after their father's legitimate children by his first two wives, the Beauforts were barred from succession to the throne by their half-brother Henry IV.

Early life
Between May and September 1390, Beaufort saw military service in North Africa in the Barbary Crusade led by Louis II, Duke of Bourbon. In 1394, he was in Lithuania serving with the Teutonic Knights.

John was created Earl of Somerset on 10 February 1397, just a few days after the legitimation of the Beaufort children was recognized by Parliament. The same month, he was also appointed Admiral of the Irish fleet, as well as Constable of Dover Castle and Warden of the Cinque Ports. In May, his admiralty was extended to include the northern fleet. That summer, the new earl became one of the noblemen who helped Richard II free himself from the power of the Lords Appellant. As a reward, he was created Marquess of Somerset and Marquess of Dorset on 29 September, and sometime later that year he was made a Knight of the Garter and appointed Lieutenant of Aquitaine. In addition, two days before his elevation as a Marquess he married the king's niece, Margaret Holland, sister of Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, another of the counter-appellants. John remained in the king's favour even after his older half-brother Henry Bolingbroke (later Henry IV) was banished from England in 1398.

Later career
After Richard II was deposed by Henry Bolingbroke in 1399, the new king rescinded the titles that had been given to the counter-appellants, and thus John Beaufort became merely Earl of Somerset again. Nevertheless, he proved loyal to his half-brother's reign, serving in various military commands and on some important diplomatic missions. It was Beaufort who was given the confiscated estates of the Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndwr in 1400, although he would not have been able to take possession of these estates unless he had lived until after 1415. In 1404, he was named Constable of England.

Family
John Beaufort and his wife Margaret Holland, the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent and Alice FitzAlan, had six children. His granddaughter Lady Margaret Beaufort married Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, the son of Dowager Queen Catherine of Valois by Owen Tudor.

Somerset died in the Hospital of St Katharine's by the Tower. He was buried in St Michael's Chapel in Canterbury Cathedral.

His children included the following:

1.) Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (1401-25 November 1418)

2.) John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (baptized 25 March 1404-27 May 1444), father of Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, grandfather of King Henry VII of England

2.) Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland (1404-15 July 1445) married James I, King of Scots.

5.) Thomas Beaufort, Count of Perche (1405-3 October 1431)

6) Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406-22 May 1455)

7.) Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon (1409-1449) married Thomas de Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon.

Titles, styles, honours and arms
Arms
As a legitimated grandson of the sovereign, Beaufort bore the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a bordure gobony argent and azure.

The family emblem featuring the portcullis was shown on the reverse of British pennies minted between 1971 and 2008.

According to genealogists, a few of Beaufort's notable descendants include British actor Benedict Cumberbatch and codebreaker Alan Turing. Coincidentally, Cumberbatch portrayed Turing in the film The Imitation Game.

John married Margaret HOLLAND, Duchess of Clarence in 1397 in England. Margaret (daughter of Thomas HOLLAND, 2nd Earl of Kent and Countess Alice FITZALAN) was born in 1385 in Upholland, Lancashire, England; died on 30 Dec 1439 in Bermondsey, Surrey, England; was buried in 1440 in Canterbury, City of Canterbury, Kent, England, United Kingdom. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: LD79-5VT
• Title (Nobility): ; Countess of Somerset
• Title (Nobility): ; Duchess of Clarence
• Name: Margaret HOLLAND

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• FamilySearch ID: GWZX-F4D

John married Katherine DE RO?T, Duchess of Lancaster. Katherine was born in 1349 in Hainaut, Belgium; died on 10 May 1403 in Lincolnshire, England; was buried in May 1403 in Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: 9C7T-V6M

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• FamilySearch ID: LBXV-7R4
• Title: ; Baron of Holland
• Occupation: ; 7th Earl of Kent (Dec 1360), 6th Lord Wake and Woodstock (Aug 1385), Marshall of England, Constable of Corfe Castle, Governor of Carisbroke Castle; K.G.
• Occupation: ; Earl of Kent
• Sir Thomas de Holland: 25 Apr 1397, Bourne, South Kesteven District, Lincolnshire, England

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Thomas Holland (also known as de Holland), 2nd Earl of Kent, 3rd Baron Holand KG (1350/1354-25 April 1397) was an English nobleman and a councillor of his half-brother, King Richard II of England.

Family and early Life
Thomas Holland (or de Holand) was born in Upholand, Lancashire, in 1350 or 1354 (sources differ on his birth year). He was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent, and Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent". His mother was a daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, and Margaret Wake. Edmund was in turn a son of Edward I of England and his second Queen consort Marguerite of France, and thus a younger half-brother of Edward II of England.

His father died in 1360, and later that year, on 28 December, Thomas became Baron Holand. His mother was still Countess of Kent in her own right, and in 1361 she married Edward, the Black Prince, the son of King Edward III.

Military career
At sixteen, in 1366, Holland was appointed captain of the English forces in Aquitaine. Over the next decade he fought in various campaigns, including the Battle of N?jera, under the command of his stepfather Edward, the Black Prince. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1375.

Richard II became king in 1377, and soon Holland acquired great influence over his younger half-brother, which he used for his own enrichment. In 1381, he succeeded as Earl of Kent.

Later years and death
Prior to his death, Holland was appointed Governor of Carisbrooke Castle. Holland died at Arundel Castle, Sussex, England on 25 April 1397.

Marriage and children
On 10 April 1364 Holland married Lady Alice FitzAlan, daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel by his wife Eleanor of Lancaster. Lady Alice was later named as a Lady of the Garter. By his wife he had three sons and six daughters. All the sons died without legitimate children, whereupon the daughters and their issue became co-heiresses to the House of Holland. The children were as follows:

Sons
1.) Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, 1st Duke of Surrey (1374-7 January 1400), eldest son and heir, created Duke of Surrey. Died without children.

2.) Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (6 January 1384-15 September 1408), heir to his elder brother. Died without legitimate children, but had an illegitimate child by his mistress Constance of York.

3.) John Holland, died without children

Daughters
By his daughters' marriages, he became the ancestor of many of the prominent figures in the Wars of the Roses, including Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York (father of Kings Edward IV and Richard III), Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII), and Warwick the Kingmaker, father of queen consort Anne Neville. He was also an ancestor of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and last wife of King Henry VIII. His daughters were as follows:

1.) Eleanor I Holland (1373-October 1405), (who bore the same first name as her younger sister, alias Alianore) married twice:
Firstly to Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (1374-1398), heir presumptive to his mother's first cousin King Richard II (1377-1399). Her only child and sole heiress to the Mortimer claim was Anne Mortimer. Following the deposition of Richard II in 1399 by his own first cousin, the Lancastrian Henry Bolingbroke, (who ruled as King Henry IV (1399-1413), Anne Mortimer's claim to the throne of England was pursued by her son Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (1411-1460) which drawn-out struggle formed the basis of the Wars of the Roses.
Secondly she married Edward Charleton, 5th Baron Cherleton

2.) Joan Holland (c. 1380-2 April 1434), married Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

3.) Margaret Holland (1385-31 December 1439), married first John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and second Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence

4.) Elizabeth Holland, who married Sir John Neville (c.1387 -before 20 May 1420), eldest son and heir of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and by him had three sons, Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland, John Neville, Baron Neville, and Sir Thomas Neville, and a daughter, Margaret Neville.

5.) Eleanor II Holland (1386-after 1413), (who bore the same first name as her eldest sister, alias Alianore) married Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury

6.) Bridget Holland, who became a nun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Holland,_2nd_Earl_of_Kent

Thomas married Countess Alice FITZALAN on 10 Apr 1364 in Arundel Castle, Sussex, England. Alice (daughter of Edmund FITZALAN and Sibyl De MONTAGU) was born about 1352 in Arundel Castle, Sussex, England; was christened in in Of Donyatt, Somersetshire, England; died on 17 Mar 1416 in Brockenhurst, Hampshire, England; was buried in Mar 1416 in Bourne, Lincolnshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: GJYK-1XD
• TitleOfNobility: Arundel Castle, Sussex, England; Countess of Kent
• Name: Alice OF ARUNDEL
• Alt. Birth: Abt 1349, Arundel, Sussex, England; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Birth: Abt 1349, Of Arundel, Sussex, England; Alt. Birth
• Title (Nobility): 1388; Lady of the Garter

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AFN: GR2S-G0