Alexander I King Of SCOTLAND

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: LVKC-K29
• _UID: F65D092CD3464F279FAA0027F9A8282C7CA1

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 8XJ3-9S

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• Affiliation: ; House of Dunkeld
• FamilySearch ID: KN4J-P1M
• Name: Longneck
• Name: M?el Coluim MAC DONNCHADA
• Residence: Edinburgh, Scotland; Edinburgh Castle
• _UID: 3FDE1352160A46E6B7D36D4161BABB1BF701
• Military Command: 27 Jul 1054, Dunsinnan Hill, Perth, Scotland
• CREDITED WITH KILLING MACBETH: 15 Aug 1057, Lumphanan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Fighting alongside the English, for Edward the Confessor, Malcolm defeated and killed Macbeth at the battle at Lumphanan.
• Killed LULACH AND RETOOK THRONE OF SCOTLAND: 23 Apr 1058, Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Malcolm killed Lulach 'by treachery' on 23 April 1058 near Huntly and took back the throne that had been taken from his family in 1040
• 35 YEAR REIGN AS KING OF SCOTS: Between 25 Apr 1058 and 13 Nov 1093
• Alt. Burial: 1093, Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland
• DIED IN THE BATTLE OF ALNWICK: 13 Nov 1093, Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England; Malcolm led an army into Northumbria and besieged Alnwick in November 1093, Robert de Mowbray, the English Earl of Northumbria, rallied his forces and caught the Scots off guard. Malcolm and his heir Edward were both killed in the battle.

Notes:

Cause of death was Slain while besieging Alnwick Castle.

Malcolm III, also M?el Coluim mac Donnchada and Malcolm Canmore, was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Ceannard m?" (Gaelic for "Great Chief"). Malcolm reigned 35 years. His kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland: the north and west remained under Scandinavian rule. Malcolm III fought a series of wars against the Kingdom of England that did not result in any significant advances southward.
Malcolm's primary achievement was to continue a lineage that ruled Scotland for many years, and as founder of a dynasty.
Henry I of England and Eustace III of Boulogne were his sons-in-law, making him the maternal grandfather of Empress Matilda, William Adelin and Matilda of Boulogne. All three of them were prominent in English politics during the 12th century. In Scotland Malcolm fathered 4 kings: King Duncan II, King Edgar the Valiant, King Alexander I, and King David I.
Malcolm's 2nd wife, St. Margaret of Scotland, is Scotland's only royal saint. Malcolm himself had no reputation for piety; He is not associated with major ecclesiastical reforms or religious establishments, with the notable exception of Dunfermline Abbey in Fife.
Malcolm's father Duncan I became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II, Duncan's maternal grandfather and Malcolm's great-grandfather. Malcolm's mother was named Sybil or Suthen. According to John of Fordun, whose account is the original source of William Shakespeare's Macbeth, Malcolm's mother was a niece of Siward, Earl of Northumbria, but an earlier king-list gives her the Gaelic name Suthen. Other sources claim that either a daughter or niece would have been too young to fit the timeline, thus she was likely Siward's own sister Sybil, which may have translated into Gaelic as Suthen.
King Duncan was killed on 15 August 1040 in battle against Macbeth and the men of Moray. Malcolm and his brother Donalbane were young children and were sent away for greater safety? exactly where is the subject of debate. One version says Malcolm (aged about nine) was sent to England, and his younger brother Donalbane was sent to the Isles. Based on Fordun's account, it was assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen-year reign in the Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor. An alternative version says Malcolm's mother took both sons into exile at the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, an enemy of Macbeth's family, and Malcolm's 1st cousin once removed.
In 1045 Malcolm's family attempted to overthrow Macbeth and Malcolm's grandfather Cr?n?n of Dunkeld was killed in the attempt.
Macbeth died on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire, reportedly at Malcolm's hand, and was succeeded by his stepson Lulach. Lulach was killed by Malcolm on 23 April 1058 near Huntly "by treachery". Malcolm was inaugurated king 2 days later, on 25 April 1058.

Orderic Vitalis says one of Malcolm's earliest actions as king was to travel to the court of Edward the Confessor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret, who had arrived in England two years before from Hungary. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered.
Instead Malcolm married Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney, and daughter of Earl Finn Arnesson and Bergljot Halvdansdottir. Malcolm and Thorfinn were kinsmen, both decendants of Malcolm II, and it is believed Malcolm spent part or all of MacBeth's reign at Thorfinn's court, so Malcolm and Ingibiorg would have known each other for years. Additionally, there is some circumstantial evidence that Ingibiorg may have backed Malcolm's claim to the kingship.
Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and west, the Earldom of Orkney was ruled jointly by his stepsons, Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson (who were also his 2nd cousins).
Malcolm and Ingibiorg had three sons:
- Duncan II of Scotland, succeeded his father as King of Scotland
- Donald, died ca. 1094
- Malcolm, died ca. 1085
Ingibiorg is believed to have died around 1069, but possibly sooner. After her death Malcolm married a 2nd time to Margaret, daughter of Edward the Exile and his wife Agatha of Hungary. Margaret was born in Hungary and came to England with her parents in 1057. Her father was the son of King Edmund Ironside and was intended to succeed King Edward the Confessor. Unfortunately, he died within days of arriving in England. Margaret and her family lived with Edward the Confessor at the English court from 1057 until his death in 1066. After William the Conqueror took the throne of England the family fled and were shipwrecked in Scotland. There they found refuge with King Malcolm. Malcolm and Margaret married about 1069/1070. Together they had 8 children:
- Edward (c. 1071 ? 13 November 1093), killed along with his father in the Battle of Alnwick
- Edmund of Scotland (c.1071 ? post 1097)
- Ethelred of Scotland, Abbot of Dunkeld, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
- Edgar of Scotland (c.1074 ? 11 January 1107), King of Scotland, reigned 1097? 1107
- Alexander I of Scotland (c.1078 ? 23 April 1124), King of Scotland, reigned 1107? 24
- Edith of Scotland (c. 1080 ? 1118), AKA "Matilda", married King Henry I of England, Queen Consort of England
- Mary of Scotland (1082? 1116), married Eustace III of Boulogne
- David I of Scotland (c.1084 ? 24 May 1153), King of Scotland, reigned 1124? 53
Malcolm made several forays into England in an attempt to aid his brother in law Edgar regain the throne, but had no success. In 1072 William the Conqueror came north with a large army and a fleet. Malcolm met him at Abernethy and accepted the overlordship of the king of the English. Malcolm's oldest son Duncan was given over as a hostage to ensure peace. Malcolm also arranged peace between William and Edgar, his brother in law. Eventually William Rufus succeeded his father to become king of England, there were rebellion and skirmishes but Malcolm acknowledged William's overlordship.
War erupted between Scotland and England in 1093. Malcolm and Edward, his oldest son by Margaret, visited his daughters and sister in law at Wilton Abbey. Afterward he attempted to negotiate with William Rufus who refused. Malcolm and Edward marched northward, ravaging as they went, and were ambushed near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There Malcolm was killed in what became known as the Battle of Alnwick. Edward was mortally wounded as well and died 3 days later on November 16. Learning of the death of her husband and oldest son Queen Margaret died on November 16th reputedly of heartbreak. Malcolm was originally buried at Tynemouth Priory in England but was later disintered and reburied next to his wife at Dunfermline Abbey.
Malcolm was succeeded as king of Scots by his oldest son Duncan II of Scotland

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"Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families," Douglas Richardson (2013):
"MALCOLM III (CEANNMORE), King of the Cumbrians, King of Scots, eldest son of Duncan I, King of Scots, by ___, cousin of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, born about 1031. He defeated and killed Macbeth, King of Scots at Lunfanan, Mar 15 August 1057. He became King of Scots on the defeat and death of Lulach 17 March 1057/8. He was crowned at Scone 25 April 1058. In 1061 he invaded England, and ravaged Northumberland and Lindisfarne. He married (1st) INGEBIORG (or INGIBJORG), widow of Earl Thorfin Sigurdson the Mighty, Earl of Orkney (died about 1064), and daughter of Earl Finn Arnason. They had three sons, Duncan [King of Scots], Malcolm, and Donald. His wife, Ingebiorg, died 17 Feb., year unknown. He married (2nd) at Dunfermline, Fife in 1068-9 [SAINT] MARGARET, daughter of Edward the ?theling, by his wife, Agatha, kinswoman of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. They had six sons, Edward, Edmund [Prince of Cumbria, afterwards a monk], Ethelred [Earl of Fife, Abbot of Dunkeld], Edgar [King of Scots], Alexander [I] [King of Scots], and David [I] [King of Scots], and two daughters, Maud and Mary. He invaded England in the spring of 1069/70, and ravaged Teesdale, Cleveland, Holderness, and the country between the Tees and the Tyne. In 1072 King William the Conqueror invaded Scotland by land and sea, and King Malcolm gave hostages and became 'his man' about 15 August 1072. In 1072 he granted lands in Lothian to his kinsman, Gospatric, who was deprived of the earldom of Northumberland by King William the Conqueror. He and his wife, Margaret, granted Ballichristian to the Culdees of Lochleven. He expelled Malsnectai, mormaer of Moray in 1078. In 1079 he devasted Northumberland as far as the Tyne. He harried a great part of the north of England in 1091; he and King William II of England made peace in Sept. 1091. He was present at the laying of the foundation stone at Durham Cathedral 11 August 1093. In August 1093 he went to Gloucester, where King William II refused to receive him. At the beginning of November 1093 he invaded England again. MALCOLM III, King of Scots, was killed by Morel of Bamborough at Alnwick, Northumberland 13 Nov. 1093. He was initially buried at Tynemouth, but his son, King Alexander I, later removed his body to Dunfermline, Fife. His widow, Margaret, died at Edinburgh Castle 16 Nov. 1093, and was buried before the high altar in the church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline, Fife. She was canonized by Pope Innocent IV in 1250.
Children of King Malcolm III, by Ingebiorg of Orkney:
i. DUNCAN II, King of Scots, married ETHELREDA (or OCTREDA) OF DUNBAR
ii. MALCOLM OF SCOTLAND.
iii. DONALD OF SCOTLAND
Children of King Malcolm III, by [Saint] Margaret:
i. EDWARD OF SCOTLAND. died 16 Nov. 1093.
ii. EDMUND OF SCOTLAND.
iii. ETHELRED, Abbot of Dunkeld.
iv. EDGAR, King of Scots
v. ALEXANDER I, King of Scots, married SIBYL OF ENGLAND ], illegitimate daughter of Henry I, King of England

Malcolm married Margaret "Atheling" Queen Of SCOTLAND, Qn Of Scotland in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "Atheling" WESSEX, Prince Of England and Princess Agatha Von BRUNSWICK) was born in 1043 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland; was buried in , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: L8M6-YW7
• Name: Atheling
• _UID: A563CBB55CAD46E3ACB09F519B7274DE65E5
• MOVED FROM HUNGARY TO ENGLAND: 17 Apr 1057, London, Middlesex, England; Margaret's father Edward the Exile, the only living heir to the throne of England, returned to England to take his place as Heir Designate on 17 April 1057. He brought with him from Hungary his wife and children.
• HER FATHER, EDWARD THE EXILE, DIED: 19 Apr 1057, London, England; Unfortunately Margaret's father died 2 days after their arrival in England. Margaret's little brother, who was very young, became Edward the Confessor's heir, and the family went to live at the English court.
• SHIPWRECKED WHILE FLEEING: 1068; After William the Conqueror took the throne of England, Margaret and her family fled, possibly heading back to Hungary, and were shipwrecked off the coast of Scotland.
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1070 and 1093, Scotland; Queen consort of Scotland, Queen of Scotland
• DIED OF A BROKEN HEART: 16 Nov 1093, Castle of Maidens, Edinburgh, Scotland; Margaret died 3 days after the death of her husband and oldest son reportedly of grief

Notes:

Ancestral File Number: 9FTX-SR

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• _UID: 9CFD0C9213A9463386C9CE094BABFC0C9034

Malcolm married Crinan The THANE. Crinan was born about 985 in Denmark ?; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• _UID: FFE42E43DF1749BBB50F56AC887DE4FBF8E0

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• FamilySearch ID: LDZ2-8G7
• Name: Atheling
• _UID: 284FD47290AF4C168CDD7C3D51595CD45AE5

Notes:

Outlaw or Exile Atheling

Edward married Princess Agatha Von BRUNSWICK. Agatha was born about 1017 in Braunschweig, Prussia; died on 13 Jul 1043 in London, Middlesexshire, England. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

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• FamilySearch ID: LY6V-8G3
• _UID: BDE72B99495C416EBB98A0103C80D3ACFA12