William II "The Conqueror" Of Normandy ANGEVIN, King Of England

Other Events:

• Affiliation: ; House of Normandy
• Alt. Burial: Alt. Burial
• Alt. Death: Alt. Death
• Cause of Death: ; killed near Rouen, France by his plunging horse while quelling revolt. Fatal fall from a horse, died of a burst bowel. While jumping a trench on horseback, his stomach was forced onto the pommel.
• FamilySearch ID: 9H17-VTZ
• TitleOfNobility: ; I King of England Duke of Normandy William the Conqueror
• Name: Guillaume I "Le Conquerant" De NORMANDIE
• Name: The Conqueror
• Name: William 'THE CONQUEROR'
• Name: William I "The Conqueror" King Of ENGLAND
• Name: William I "The Conqueror" Of NORMANDY
• Name: William the Bastard
• Residence: Saint-?tienne de Caen, France
• _UID: 7F18D931CDD74ADAB21837E499799B837E98
• Alt. Birth: 14 Oct 1024; Alt. Birth
• TitleOfNobility: Between 1035 and 1087; Duke Of Normandy
• MilitaryService: 14 Oct 1066, Sussex, England; Commander of the Norman Army at the Battle of Hastings
• Coronation: 25 Dec 1066, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes:

William I (of England), called The Conqueror (1024-1087), first Norman king of England (1066-1087), who has been called one of the first modern kings and is generally regarded as one of the outstanding figures in western European history. Born in Falaise, France, William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, and Arletta, a tanner's daughter, and is therefore sometimes called William the Bastard. Upon the death of his father, the Norman nobles, honoring their promise to Robert, accepted William as his successor. Rebellion against the young duke broke out almost immediately, however, and his position did not become secure until 1047 when, with the aid of Henry I, king of France, he won a decisive victory over a rebel force near Caen. During a visit in 1051 to his childless cousin, Edward the Confessor, king of England, William is said to have obtained Edward's agreement that he should succeed to the English throne. In 1053, defying a papal ban, William married Matilda of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin V, count of Flanders and a descendant of King Alfred the Great, thereby strengthening his claim to the crown of England. Henry I, fearing the strong bond between Normandy (Normandie) and Flanders resulting from the marriage, attempted in 1054 and again in 1058 to crush the powerful duke, but on both occasions William defeated the French king's forces. About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William. He secured his release by swearing to support William's claim to the English throne. When King Edward died, however, the witenagemot (royal council) elected Harold king. Determined to make good his claim, William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. The duke and his army landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066. On October 14, the Normans defeated the English forces at the celebrated Battle of Hastings, in which Harold was slain. William then proceeded to London, crushing the resistance he encountered on the way. On Christmas Day he was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. The English did not accept foreign rule without a struggle. William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsible for the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced the Scottish king Malcolm III MacDuncan to pay him homage. During the succeeding years the Conqueror crushed insurrections among his Norman followers, including that incited in 1075 by Ralph de Guader, 1st earl of Norfolk, and Roger Fitzwilliam, earl of Hereford, and a series of uprisings in Normandy led by his eldest son Robert, who later became Robert II, duke of Normandy.

BIOGRAPHY: Acceded: 25 Dec 1066 Reigned 1066-1087. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feaudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnell especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book.

William I (c. 1028 ? 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman monarch of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose.

William was the son of the unmarried Duke Robert I of Normandy and his mistress Herleva. His illegitimate status and his youth caused some difficulties for him after he succeeded his father, as did the anarchy which plagued the first years of his rule. During his childhood and adolescence, members of the Norman aristocracy battled each other, both for control of the child duke, and for their own ends. In 1047, William was able to quash a rebellion and begin to establish his authority over the duchy, a process that was not complete until about 1060. His marriage in the 1050s to Matilda of Flanders provided him with a powerful ally in the neighbouring county of Flanders. By the time of his marriage, William was able to arrange the appointment of his supporters as bishops and abbots in the Norman church. His consolidation of power allowed him to expand his horizons, and he secured control of the neighbouring county of Maine by 1062.
In the 1050s and early 1060s, William became a contender for the throne of England held by the childless Edward the Confessor, his first cousin once removed. There were other potential claimants, including the powerful English earl Harold Godwinson, whom Edward named as king on his deathbed in January 1066. Arguing that Edward had previously promised the throne to him and that Harold had sworn to support his claim, William built a large fleet and invaded England in September 1066. He decisively defeated and killed Harold at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. After further military efforts, William was crowned king on Christmas Day, 1066, in London. He made arrangements for the governance of England in early 1067 before returning to Normandy. Several unsuccessful rebellions followed, but William's hold was mostly secure on England by 1075, allowing him to spend the majority of his reign in continental Europe.

William's final years were marked by difficulties in his continental domains, troubles with his son, Robert, and threatened invasions of England by the Danes. In 1086, he ordered the compilation of the Domesday Book, a survey listing all the land-holdings in England along with their pre-Conquest and current holders. He died in September 1087 while leading a campaign in northern France, and was buried in Caen. His reign in England was marked by the construction of castles, settling a new Norman nobility on the land, and change in the composition of the English clergy. He did not try to integrate his various domains into one empire but continued to administer each part separately. His lands were divided after his death: Normandy went to Robert, and England went to his second surviving son, William Rufus.
...
One factor in William's favour was his marriage to Matilda of Flanders, the daughter of Count Baldwin V of Flanders. The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049. The marriage nevertheless went ahead some time in the early 1050s, possibly unsanctioned by the pope.
...
Family and children
William and his wife Matilda had at least nine children. The birth order of the sons is clear, but no source gives the relative order of birth of the daughters.

1. Robert was born between 1051 and 1054, died 10 February 1134. Duke of Normandy, married Sybilla, daughter of Geoffrey, Count of Conversano.
2. Richard was born before 1056, died around 1075.
3. William was born between 1056 and 1060, died 2 August 1100. King of England, killed in the New Forest.
4. Henry was born in late 1068, died 1 December 1135. King of England, married Edith, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland. His second wife was Adeliza of Louvain.
5. Adeliza (or Adelida, Adelaide) died before 1113, reportedly betrothed to Harold Godwinson, probably a nun of Saint L?ger at Pr?aux.
6. Cecilia (or Cecily) was born before 1066, died 1127, Abbess of Holy Trinity, Caen.
7. Matilda was born around 1061, died perhaps about 1086. Mentioned in Domesday Book as a daughter of William.
8. Constance died 1090, married Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.
9. Adela died 1137, married Stephen, Count of Blois.
10. (Possibly) Agatha, the betrothed of Alfonso VI of Le?n and Castile.

There is no evidence of any illegitimate children born to William.

Death
William led an expedition against the French Vexin in July 1087. While seizing Mantes, William either fell ill or was injured by the pommel of his saddle. He was taken to the priory of Saint Gervase at Rouen, where he died on 9 September 1087.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror

Also substantiated by "The White Ship" by Charles Spencer, published 2020, pg 30-31.

PONS (-[before Oct 1066]). No information is known about Pons other than his name, which appears in the patronymics attributed to his five sons. It is assumed that he lived in Normandy. His absence from the Norman primary sources which have so far been consulted in the preparation of this document suggests that he was of lowly birth. His absence from English records suggests that he died before the Norman invasion in England in 1066. m ---. The name of Pons?s wife is not known. Pons & his wife had [six] children:
Walter
Drogo
Richard
Simon
Osbern
High
From Geni.com




Alt. Burial:
Abbaye de St Etienne, Caen, Normandie

Alt. Death:
Hermenbraville, Rouen, Normandie

Titled:
King of England

Titled:
Duke of Normandy

Unknown-Begin:
1066-1087

Alt. Birth:
Falaise, Normandie

William married Countess Matilda LE CHAUVRE, Queen Of England in 1050 in Castle Of, Angi, Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Count Baldwin (Baudouin) V FLANDERS and Princess Adele (Alix) De FRANCE) was born on 24 Nov 1031 in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvados, France; was buried in Eglise DE La Sainte Trinitbe, Caen, Normandie. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Alt. Marriage:
Eu, Seine-Inferieure, France

1. Robert II Prince Of ENGLAND was born about 1053 in , , Normandy, France; died on 10 Feb 1134 in , Cardiff, Glamorganshire, Wales; was buried in St Peters Church, , Gloucester, England.
2. Richard Prince Of ENGLAND was born about 1054 in , , Normandy, France; died in 1081 in , New Forest, Hampshire, England.
3. Adeliza, Nun was born in 1055; and died.
4. Cecilia Princess Of ENGLAND was born about 1055 in , , Normandy, France; died on 30 Jul 1126 in , Caen, Calvados, France.
5. William II "Rufus" King Of ENGLAND was born about 1056 in , , Normandy, France; died on 1 Aug 1100 in , New Forest, Hampshire, England; was buried on 2 Aug 1100 in Cathedrlstswiten, Winchester, Hampshire, England.
6. Mathilda Princess Of ENGLAND was born in 1059 in , , Normandy, France; died before 1112.
7. Constance Princess Of ENGLAND was born about 1061 in , , Normandy, France; died on 13 Aug 1090 in England; was buried in St Edmondsbury, , Suffolk, England.
8. Adaele (Alice) Princess Of ENGLAND was born about 1062 in Of, , Normandie; died on 8 Mar 1135 in , Marsilly, Aquitaine; was buried in , Caen, Normandie.
9. Agatha Princess Of ENGLAND was born about 1064 in , , Normandy, France; died before 1086 in , , Calvados, France; was buried in , Bayeux, Calvados, France.
10. King Henry I Beauclerc Of Angevin ENGLAND, Of England was born in 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England; was christened on 5 Aug 1100 in When Crowned, Selby, Yorkshire, England; died on 1 Dec 1135 in Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Normandy, France; was buried on 3 Jan 1136 in Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England.

William married Maud PEVEREL about 1053. Maud and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Alt. Burial: Alt. Burial
• FamilySearch ID: LZL3-CTY
• Name: Robert I "The Magnificent" Duke Of NORMANDY
• _UID: D61165CEEA574A27B4FD1AD5FF0E19AC3EA7
• Alt. Birth: Abt 999; Alt. Birth
• Titled: Bef 6 Aug 1028
• Titled: 6 Aug 1028
• Alt. Death: 22 Jul 1035; Alt. Death

Notes:

Robert I, by name ROBERT The MAGNIFICENT, or The DEVIL, French ROBERT le MAGNIFIQUE, or le DIABLE (d. July 1035, Nicaea), duke of Normandy (1027-35), the younger son of Richard II of Normandy and the father, by his mistress Arlette, of William the Conqueror of England. On the death of his father (1026/27), Robert contested the duchy with his elder brother Richard III, legally the heir, until the latter's opportune death a few years later.

A strong ruler, Robert succeeded in exacting the obedience of his vassals. On the death of Robert II the Pious, king of France (1031), a crisis arose over the succession to the French throne. The Duke gave his support to Henry I against the party favouring his younger brother; in reward for his services he demanded and received the Vexin Fran?ais, a territory not far north of Paris. A patron of the monastic reform movement, he died while returning from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]

Sources: RC 89, 131; Kraent zler 1156, 1218, 1241, 1264, 1265, 1342, 1350;
Coe; Dukes; AF; K & Q of Britai n; Norr; A. Roots 121, 121E, 130; France,
Vol. 1 (1868), by M. Guizot and Mada me Guizot de Witt; AIS; Davis.
Roots: Robert I, Duke of Normandy. Married (Dan ish wife) Arlette (or Herleve). Left issue by this mistress.
K: Robert I "le Magnifique ou le Diable." Count d'Hieme. Duke of Normandy.
In line 1350 he cal ls him erroneously calls him Richard I.
Robert was called both "The Magnificen t" and also "Robert the Devil," because of his "reckless and violent deeds of audacity, whether in private life or in warlike expeditions."

For example the Duke of Normandy was looking out at his fortress. He saw a beautiful, tanner's daughter soaking animals skins in water. She had hiked up her skirt. The duke liked what he saw. He sent a soldier to pick her up. She said she would go to the duke's castle if she rode the soldier's horse. The soldier agreed. She borrowed a nice dress. Then rode the soldier's horse side-saddle. She and the duke had sex and the future William the Conqueror king of England was conceived.

In 1034 or 1035, after a "fair life from the political point of view, but one full of turbulence and moral irregularity" he undertook a pilgrimage, barefoot, to Jerusalem " to expiate his sins..." The Norman prelates and barons urged him not to go because they believed he might die on the pilgrimage (they were right) and he had no successor. Robert, therefore, named his bastard son, William, as his successor and prevailed upon King Henry I of France to sanction the arrangement--a decision the king was later to regret.

Guizot says Robert I was the fifth in succession from Rollo, the first ruler of Normandy. William was named after William Longsword, the son and successor
of Rollo. So the Norman reign went from Rollo, to William Longsword, Richard I, Richard II, Richard III, Robert I and William, who would become William the Conqueror and, subsequently, William I, King of England.

Richard III and Robert I were sons of Richard II, according to a chart in Butler.
Robert instructed Herluin (another spelling) de Contevi lle to marry his mistress, Harlette, if he failed to return from the Crusade. Herluin did so, and they had children.
Dukes says Robert's last years were ma rked by signs of "eccentricity, if not unsoundness of mind."
AIS: Robert, Duk e of Normandy, born about 995, Normandy, France; died 2 July 1035, Nicaea, Turkey.
Davis: Robert I, the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy 1027-1035.

Sources: RC 89, 131; Kraentzler 1156, 1218, 1241, 1264, 1265, 1342 , 1350;
Coe; Dukes; AF; K & Q of Britain; Norr; A. Roots 121, 121E, 130; Franc e,
Vol. 1 (1868), by M. Guizotand Madame Guizot

Note: Robert contributed to the restoration of Henry King of France to his throne, and received from the gratitude of that monarch, the Vexin, as an additional to his patrimonial domains. In the 8th year of his reign, curiosity or devotion induced him to undertake a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where the fatigues of the journey and the heat of the climate so impaired his consitution he died on his way home.

============================================

CHAPTER I: THE CONQUEROR
The Conqueror and His Companions
by J.R. Planche, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874.

His father was Robert I, Duke of Normandy, styled by some "the Magnificent," from his liberalities and love of splendour; "the Jerusalemite," in consequence of his pilgrimage; and by others less courteously "the Devil," though wherefore or at what period has not been satisfactorily ascertained. From a passage in "L'Estoire de Seint ?dward le Rei," it would appear there was a tradition in the family of Rollo, of one of his descendants (Richard I?) having beaten and bound his Satanic majesty,

"E Duc Richard de'apres li vint,
Ki li diable ateint e tint
E le venqait e le lia."

Robert was the second son of Richard II, Duke of Normandy, by his wife Judith, daughter of Conan le Tort (the Crooked), Count of Rennes, and sister of the half blood to Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany; and it was during the lifetime of his father, and while Robert was only Count of the Hiemois, and it may be in his nonage that he first saw Herleve, Harlett, or Arlot (for it is written in all manner of ways), daughter of a burgess of Falaise, an accident the results of which were the subjugation of England and the succession of a line of kings unsurpassed for valour and power by the greatest sovereigns in Europe.


The Conqueror and His Companions
by J.R. Planche, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874.

"... Robert's lawful marriage with Estrith, sister of Canute the Great, and widow of UIf, a distinguished Dane, who was murdered by order of his brother-in-law in 1025. Robert is said to have ill used and repudiated her, at what exact period is unknown; but he had no issue by her, which might possibly be one cause of his displeasure."

Alt. Burial:
, Nicaea, Bithynia, Turkey

Alt. Birth:
Normandy, France

Titled:
Count of the Hiemois

Titled:
Duke of Normandy (after his elder brother Richard's death)

Alt. Death:
, Nicea, Bithynia, Turkey

Robert married Herleve (Arlette) Of FALAISE, Officer Of The Household about 1023 in France - Not Married. Herleve (daughter of Fulbert De FALAISE and Doda Princess Of SCOTLAND) was born in 1012 in Falaise, Calvados, France; died in 1050 in Normandie (Normandy), France; was buried in Abbey Of Grestain, Sainte Marie Eglise, Mortaigne, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: KDQH-DJG
• Name: Arlette Herleve De FALAISE
• Name: Harlette De FALAISE
• _UID: D599F89FD0504D5FBB4E79DD9A03EAA55C7E

Notes:

CONFLICT: Name: Harlette/Herleve.

Notes:

Friends:
France (not married)

Other Events:

• Alt. Burial: Alt. Burial
• Name: Richard II The Good Of NORMANDY
• Name: The Good
• _UID: CA743EFB35B4419BAF1F5B2C8DC94918484C
• Alt. Birth: Abt 958
• Alt. Birth: Abt 963; Alt. Birth
• Titled: Between 996 and 1026
• Alt. Death: 28 Aug 1027; Alt. Death

Notes:

Name Suffix: Duke of Normandy
Ancestral File Number: 9HMD-XR
Sourc es: RC 89, 141, 167, 176; Kraentzler 1156, 1174, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1225,
1239, 1264, 1443; K and Q of Britain, Onslow; Coe, A. Roots 121, 132, 132A; 177;
Pf afman; Butler; AIS.
RC and K: Richard II, le Bon (the Good). Duke of Normandy.
AIS: Richard II, Duke of Normandy.

SOURCES:
1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Roy alty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Com pany, Inc., 1992; line 89-32.
2. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-XR).

1 NAME Richard II the Good of /Normandy/

Sources: RC 89, 141, 167, 176; Kraentzler 1156, 1174, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1225,
1239, 1264, 1443; K and Q of Britain, Onslow; Coe, A. Roots 121, 132, 132A; 177 ;
Pfafman; Butler; AIS.
RC and K: Richard II, le Bon (the Good). Duke of Norm andy.
AIS: Richard II, Duke of Normandy.

SOURCES:
1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 89-32.
2. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-XR).


Richard II, byname RICHARD THE GOOD, French RICHARD LE BON (d. 1026/27), duke of Normandy (996-1026/27), son of Richard I the Fearless. He held his own against a peasant insurrection, helped Robert II of France against the duchy of Burgundy, and repelled an English attack on the Cotentin Peninsula that was led by the Anglo-Saxon king Ethelred II the Unready. He also pursued a reform of the Norman monasteries. [Encyclopaedia Britannica CD '97]

Alt. Burial:
Fbecamp, Normandie

Relationship (J,M&L):
33rd Great-grandparent

Alt. Birth:
of, Normandy, France

Alt. Birth:
, Normandie

Titled:
Duc (Duke) de Normandie (Normandy)

Alt. Death:
Fbecamp, Normandie

Richard married Judith Of Brittany DE BRETAGNE in 1000 in , Normandy, France. Judith (daughter of Conan I "The Crooked" Rennes Count Of BRITTANY and Ermengarde D'ANJOU) was born in 982 in Bretagne, Normandy, France; died on 16 Jun 1017 in Normandie (Normandy), France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• Name: Judith De BRETAGNE
• Name: Judith De BRETAGNE
• _UID: D88F19A832974ECD860EAA9BE68B6830EEAB
• Alt. Birth: Abt 982; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 16 Jun 1017; Alt. Death

Notes:

Name Suffix: Princess
Ancestral File Number: 9HML-RQ
Sources: RC 8 9, 141, 167, 176; Onslow; Coe, Pfafman, A. Roots 121, 121E,
132, 132A, 177; Kr aentzler 1156, 1174, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1225, 1239, 1264.
RC: Judith of Rennes (Brittany), or Judith of Brittany (Rennes). Or of
Bretagne. K: Judith de Bre tagne.
Roots: Judith of Brittany. Founded abbey of Bernay, Normandy, ca. 1026. Had
many children by Richard II.
AF listed another daughter N.N., born about 1007. Onslow, however, says
Eleanor was the youngest daughter, born 1005.


This information is assumed correct, but may contain erroneous links. Please don't assume it to be the absolute truth. I've tried to double check most of the work to assure myself of its accuracy...but you can never be 100% sure. Th ank you, and enjoy.

1 NAME Judith of /Brittany/
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 BIRT
2 DATE ABT. 982
2 PLAC Bret agne, France
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 DEAT
2 DATE 16 JUN 1017
2 PLAC Normandy, France
2 SOUR S033320
3 DA TA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001


[De La Pole.FTW]

Sources: RC 89, 141, 167, 176; Onslow; Coe, Pfafman, A. Roots 121, 121E,
132, 132A, 177; K raentzler 1156, 1174, 1194, 1211, 1218, 1225, 1239, 1264.
RC: Judith of Rennes (Brittany), or Judith of Brittany (Rennes). Or of
Bretagne. K: Judith de Br etagne.
Roots: Judith of Brittany. Founded abbey of Bernay, Normandy, ca. 1026 . Had
many children byRichard II.
AF listed another daughter N.N., born about 1007. Onslow, however, says
Eleanor was the youngest daughter, born 1005.


Source: lorenfamily.com

Relationship (J,M&L):
33rd Great-grandparent

Alt. Birth:
Bretagne, France

Alt. Death:
Normandy, France

Notes:

Alt. Marriage:
, Normandie, France

Other Events:

• AFN: GS5L-BT
• Name: Fulbert "The Furrier" Of FALAISE
• Name: Fulbert Chamberlain Of Normandy De FALAISE
• Name: Fulbert De FALAISE
• Name: Fulbert De FALAISE
• _UID: DC4C9C8D657C4E7E9C8619C53816678F42E7
• Alt. Birth: 978; Alt. Birth
• Occupation: Bef 6 Aug 1028
• Occupation: Aft 6 Aug 1028

Notes:

[001.ged]

Nickname: "The Tanner"
1 NAME Fulbert /De Falaise/
1 NAME Fulbert /de Falaise/
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 B IRT
2 PLAC Falaise, Normandy
1 BIRT
2 DATE ABT. 978
2 PLAC Falaise, N ormandie
1 BIRT
2 DATE ABT. 980
2 PLAC Chaumont, Belgium
2 SOUR S03332 0
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001


[De La Pole.FTW]

Sour ces: RC 89, 160; Kraentzler 1156, 1264, 1265; AF; A. Roots 121E, 130; The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow;
AIS; Fortune's Knave by Mary Lide.
Onslow: He was a Wa lloon, born at Chaumont nearLiege, Belgium. Moved to Falaise and became a wealthy tanner, an occupation of low regard--and high smell. He later also became a brewer--a combination not viewed highly by the public. He also became Chamberlain to Duke Robert after his daughter became the duke's mistress. Fulbert and his wife had opposed their daughter's relationship with the duke, wanting her to marry someone in her station of life.
AIS: Fulbert of Falaise.
Lide: In her novel she says Fulbert had a son Walter, who helped William the Bastard escape from the clutches of Ralph de Gace, who hoped to became the Duke of Normandy.

===================================================

CHAPTER I: THE CONQUEROR
The Conqueror and His Companions
by J.R. Planche, Somerset Herald. London: Tinsley Brothers, 1874.

"The trade of Herleve's father," says the most recent writer on the subject, "seems to be agreed on at all hands. He was a burgess of Falaise, and a tanner." [Freeman; History of the Norman Conquest, vol. ii. p. 61I]

Why particularly a tanner, I am at a loss to discover. By the Norman chroniclers he is called in Latin Pelletarius and Pelleciarius [Guill. de Jumi?ges, "Parentes matris ejus, pelliciarii existiterant" whence the modern word pelisse, from the French pelice, pelisson] and in French Pelletier and Parmentier , never by any authority Tanneur or Coriarius. Pelletier signifies a furrier, skinner, or fellmonger, and Parmeniier a tailor. [Permentarius seu Parmentarias ex Paramentarius qui vestes parat, id est ornat nostris olim Parmentier qui hodie, tailleur d'habits. Ducange in voce. "Parmentier, or taylor," Cotgrave. One MS. reads "Pantonnier," which is simply an abusive epithet, signifying "a lewd, stubborn, saucy knave." Ibid.] Now the insult offered to William at Alencon, where a skin was hung out and beaten to the cry of "La Pel, la Pel al Parmentier," in allusion to his maternal origin, is more applicable to the trade of a dealer in furs or leather than to a tanner. The vendor of furs must have been of some importance in those days, when garments lined or trimmed with fur were worn by both sexes and all classes; from the princely ermine, the sumptuous sable, the vair and minie-vair of the nobility to the humble budge or lambskin of the citizen or artizan. Leather must also have been in great demand, for not only were leathern jackets and leggings worn by workmen, but archers and the common soldiery were equipped with leathern Jaques; that is, coats made of what is called "jacked leather," and the Anglo-Saxons we find wearing helmets made of the same material. The furrier, skinner, or leather-seller would then, as in the present day, not only sell the materials but the robes, mantles, or vestments, the jaques, or coats of which they were made, or with which they were lined and ornamented, and "Parmentier" (tailor) would be considered probably in the eleventh century a more contemptuous allusion to the maternal descent of the chivalrous young duke than "Pelletier," furrier, or skinner. It is true that at Falaise there were in former times many tanneries, of which only three of importance remained in 1830 (Galeron,"Histoire de Falaise," p. 121); but we learn from Wace that in the eleventh century it was equally well known as the abode of furriers or skinners: "U peletiers aveit asez" (Roman de Rou, l. 9462), and it by no means follows that the father of Herleve should of necessity have been of the former "unsavory calling." There is no reason that a tanner should be less respectable than a furrier, [All authorities do not agree as to the "obloquy" attached to the leather trade insisted on by Sir F. Palgrave. "The tanners, the furriers, the goldsmiths, and the jewellers' arts, so far as they relate to dress, will appear to have been practised with great success by the Normans, and so far as we can judge from record, with as much honour as profit." ? Strutt: Dress and Habits of the People of England, vol. i. part 3, cap. I] and the distinction may be thought by some of little consequence, particularly as in the eleventh century the trades might have been combined; but it would be interesting to ascertain the origin of the English designation, which is certainly not justified by either the French or the Latin versions of the story.

And who were the parents of Herleve, whatever may have been their occupation? Here, again, we meet with nothing but contradictions: Fact and Fiction, like the old powers of light and darkness, struggling for mastery. That her father was a burgess of Falaise in some way of trade is incontestable. Sir Francis Palgrave (Hist. of Norm.), upon the authority of Alberic de Troisfontaines, says he was a brewer as well as a tanner, a combination of crafts prohibited in England. But what was his name? By one he is called Fulbert and Robert; by another Richard, with the sobriquet or descriptive appellation of Saburpyr, which has yet to be explained; while a third names him indifferently "Herbert or Verperay." [Ducarel: Ant. Ang.-Norm. Galeron, Histoire de Falaise (1830), p. 81, has "La Fille de Vertprey."] Her mother, as the wife of Richard, is named Helen, and represented as a descendant of the royal Anglo-Saxon family; while, as the wife of Robert, she is said to be one Dodo or Duxia, who came with her liusband from the neighbourhood of Liege and settled at Falaise.

Herleve is said to have been extremely beautiful, and was not yielded to the young Count by her father without considerable reluctance. The proposal, made to him by "a discreet ambassador,'' was received with the greatest indignation; but on consulting, we are told, his brother, who was a holy hermit in the neighbouring forest of Govert or Gouffern, a man of great sanctity,

"Ne fust un suen frere, un seint hom
Qui ont de grand relligion.
Qu'en Govert ont son armitage."
Benoet de Sainte-More.

Upon Robert's succession to the dukedom on the death of his elder brother Richard, in 1027, the father of Herleve was appointed his chamberlain, having therefore the care of the robes which he had probably made. Her brother Walter was also attached in some capacity to his person.


Source: lorenfamily.com

Occupation:
Peaussier (Skin dresser) et Tanneur (Tanner)

Alt. Birth:
Falaise, Calvados, France

Occupation:
Furrier

Occupation:
Chamberlain of Robert "The Devil" Duke of Normandy

Fulbert married Doda Princess Of SCOTLAND in 1003 in Falaise, Calvados, France. Doda (daughter of Malcolm II Mackenneth King Of SCOTLAND and Hvarflad (Svanlaug) (Nereid) HLODVERSDATTER) was born about 985 in Falaise, Calvados, France; died in in Falaise, Calvados, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: GS5L-C1
• Name: Doda De FALAISE
• Name: Doda Of FALAISE
• _UID: C79548784B1942D5B4E4DA06C3F4C606926B
• Alt. Birth: Abt 980; Alt. Birth

Notes:

[001.ged]

This information is assumed correct, but may contain erroneous links. Please d on't assume it to be the absolute truth. I've tried to double check most of th e work to assure myself of its accuracy...but you can never be 100% sure. Than k you, and enjoy.


Source: lorenfamily.com

Relationship (J,M&L):
31st Great-grandparent

Alt. Birth:
Of, Falaise, Normandie

Other Events:

• Name: Richard I "The Fearless" Duke Of NORMANDY
• Name: Richard I Of NORMANDY
• Name: Sans Peur
• _UID: EB96E81D716F45448714AE90D76A321B568B

Notes:

BIOGRAPHY: acceded 942. From Rosamond McKitterick.s, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, pp. 238-239: "When in 942 WILLIAM was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS (RIN 2173), his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him. LOUIS IV (RIN 1617) and HUGH THE GREAT (RIN 1206) each tried to sieze Normandy, and LOUIS took charge of Richard. He then ensconced himself at Rouen and HUGH took Bayeux, which still had a Scandinavian leader called Sictric. Richard escaped from his custody at Laon, retook Rouen, and called on another Viking leader, Harald of the Bassin, for help. The Normans under Richard were able to re-establish their autonomy and from 947 Richard governed in relative peace. In 965 he swore allegiance to the Carolingian king Lothar [son of LOUIS IV] at Gisors. Richard's official marriage was to Emma, daughter of HUGH THE GREAT; they had no children, but by his common-law wife GUNNOR, a Dane, he had many. RICHARD II, son of GUNNOR and Richard I, succeeded his father in 996, another son Robert was archbishop of Rouen from 989 to 1037 and EMMA their daughter became queen of England on her marriage to AETHELREAD, a position she maintained after his death in 1016 by marrying Knut. GUNNOR's nephews and other relatives further more formed the core of the new aristocracy which developed in the course of the eleventh century. Unfortunately we know little about the internal organization and history of Normandy until the reign of RICHARD II."

Richard married Gunnora (Gonnor) DE CREPON after 962 in France. Gunnora (daughter of Herbastus DE CREPON, King Of Denmark and Gunnhild OLAFSDOTTIR) was born about 936 in Arque, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, France; died about 1031 in France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• FamilySearch ID: G39Q-HBK
• Name: Gonnor De CREPON
• _UID: 5A335DB7DA964FACAA2D335ABBBB4F4F8453

Notes:

Curt Hofemann, [email protected], in a post-em, wrote:

Apparently she was not "de Crepon" & her parentage is unknown:

The name of the father of Gunnor is unknown. Herbastus is derived from the name of her brother Herfast/Arfastus, but is unsupported. [Ref: Todd A Farmerie message to Gen-Medieval 6 Nov 1996]

The greater part of our information about Gunnor and her relations is derived from those additions to the History of William of Jumieges for which Robert de Rotigny is responsible. It is Robert who preserved the story of how Richard I of Normandy became enamoured of the beautiful Senfrie, wife of one of his foresters, and how Senfrie contrived to substitute her sister Gunnor for herself, to the Duke's ultimate satisfaction. [Ref The Sisters and Nieces of Gunnor, Duchess of Normandy by G.H. White in the Genealogist, New Series 1921 v37 p57]

Parentage of Gunnor and her siblings is unknown. While some sources call her father Herfastus, this was in fact the name of her brother. She has also been claimed as a daughter of the Danish royal family, but there is no evidence for this, and the context of her coming to attention of Richard I and the family's subsequent rise to power militates against her being a royal daughter. Douglas argued, based on the donations of brother Arfast to the monastery of St. Pere, that the root of the family was in the Cotetin region of Normandy, but van Houts has suggested that the Cotetin land was granted to Arfast, rather than inherited by him. Thus we are left with the more ambiguous statement of Torigny and others that she was a member of a Norman family of Danish origins. [Ref: Todd A Farmerie message to Gen-Medieval 5 Jan 1997]

Gunnora ... was not "de Crepon", nor was she daughter of Herbastus de Crepon of Denmark - her brother Herfastus/Arfast appears to have received Crepon only after Gunnora took up with Richard I, and thus the family was not originally from there. Likewise, while she is said to be of a noble family of Danish ancestry, it is not stated that her father was from Denmark (the family probably arrived with Rollo, in the generation of her (unknown) grandfather. [Ref: Todd A Farmerie message to Gen-Medieval 28 Jul 2000]

Research note 1: Was her father Herfast de CREPON or King Haraldblaafand of DENMARK? There is a lack of consensus on this. -Charlotte's Web Geneology http://www.charweb.org/gen/rjones/d0042/g0000020.htm#I239

Research note 2: father: Harald I Blaatand, Bluetooth, King of Denmark [Ref: McBride2 (possibly citing Wurts)]

My notes on Gunnora:
This is the same Gunnora known as Gunnora of Crepon, but both are of little value. Gunnora was NOT of Denmark. Some inventive genealogist somewhere along the line decided to make her daughter of Harald Bluetooth, but there is no basis for this, and what we know of her indicates it is not really a possibility worthy of consideration. Her nephew later was called "of Crepon" but he likely gained his posessions through Gunnora's marriage to the Duke, rather than this representing the original home of the clan.

What can be said of Gunnora's parents? Nothing! She was not daughter of Harfast, as (too) often stated. Her family was likely of the minor Norman nobility, since her oldest sister was married to a forester at the time Richard first bumped into the girls. That's it.

Richard I of Normandy first bedded, and later married Gunnora, whose ancestry is entirely unknown. She is sometimes said to be daughter of a King of Denmark, but this is incorrect. [taf]

There are several things going on here. First of all, the father of Gunnora and siblings is not known. Attempts to name him Herbastus probably originated in confusion with her brother. Second, Gunnora had three sisters, Senfria/Senfreda, Wevia, and (Avelina). The first married an otherwise unknown forester. The latter two are confused by our two sources, one claiming that it was Wevia who married Osbern, and the other that Wevia married Turold of Pont Audemer, and by deduction, (Avelina) married Osbern. We know that Osbern married one of them, and a recent analysis suggests that it was Wevia for nomenclatural reasons. (Specifically, Turold and wife had a granddaughter named Duvelina, and it is hyposthesized that she was named for her grandmother, and that Duvelina is the authentic name of the sister, rather than Avelina. Finally, in which generation was Osbern's. This is unambiguous. She was sister of Gunnora and the others. There is no source before recent times that claims otherwise. There are two probable origins for the error that she was niece of Gunnora. First, due to the error in naming her father Herfastus, someone aware that this was the name of Gunnora's brother assumed then that Avelina's father was Gunnora's brother (the name of Gunnora's father being unknown, and probably unknowable). The second possibility is a confusion of uncle and nephew. Harfastus/Arfast had a son Osbern of Crepon, and perhaps someone confused this man with Osbern of Bolbec. Still, we know for certain that Osbern of Bolbec married a sister of Gunnora. [Ref: Dave Utzinger message to Gen-Medieval 29 Jul 2000]

Regards,
Curt

Other Events:

• Name: Conan I Duke Of BRETAGNE
• Name: Conan Ier "Le Tort" De RENNES
• Name: Conan Ier "Le Tort" De Rennes Duc De BRETAGNE
• Name: The Crooked
• _UID: F1AAFB4F73C440498619066C1CD99A8ACF7C

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Titled:
Duc (Duke) de Bretagne (Brittany)

Titled:
"le Tort" - "The Crooked / Wrong"

Conan married Ermengarde D'ANJOU in 973 in France. Ermengarde (daughter of Geoffrey I, Count Of Anjou and Adelais DE VERMANDOIS) was born about 950 in Of, Anjou, France; died on 27 Jun 992. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9HPT-8B
• Name: Ermangarde D' ANJOU
• _UID: 033BA1F587414E1A9FC9736329ED4A19BB29

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Other Events:

• _UID: 513DCE74A8284E0A9C4F69118036A21CD19F

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Other Events:

• Alt. Burial: Alt. Burial
• Name: Malcolm II Albany King Of SCOTLAND
• Name: Malcolm II Of ALBA
• _UID: CBD580F353824BD5AB7DCB6793D2EAFFB084
• Alt. Birth: Abt 958; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Death: 25 Nov 1034; Alt. Death

Notes:

Malcolm took advantage of the fact that the English were preoccupied with Danish raids and marched south, winning the Battle of Carham against the Angles in 1018 and thereby regaining Lothian. Thirteen years later King Canute invaded Scotland and forced Malcolm to submit to him. However, Canute seems to have recognized Malcolm's possession of Lothian.

After Malcolm II's reign, Scottish succession was based on the principle of direct descent. Previously, succession was determined by tanistry - during a king's lifetime an heir was chosen and known as "tanaiste rig" (second to the king).

Alt. Burial:
, Iona, Argyllshire, Scotland

Relationship (J,M&L):
32nd Great-grandparent

Titled:
King of Scotland

Alt. Birth:
, Scotland

Alt. Death:
, Glamis, Forfarshire, Scotland

Malcolm married Hvarflad (Svanlaug) (Nereid) HLODVERSDATTER about 983 in , Scotland. Hvarflad was born about 962 in Of, Orkney Islands, Scotland; died after 984. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Other Events:

• AFN: 9G83-RG
• Name: Aegifu
• Name: Hvarflad (Svanlaug) Hlodversdatter Of ORKNEY
• Name: Miss Orkney Queen Of SCOTLAND
• Name: ORKNEY
• _UID: C4DD3C48B7EE424F9C3FE0162ADFC4D8D138
• Alt. Birth: Abt 962; Alt. Birth
• Alt. Birth: Abt 962; Alt. Birth

Notes:

Source: lorenfamily.com

Alt. Birth:
, Scotland

Alt. Birth:
Scotland